Thursday, September 9, 2010

Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara

     The Museum of Anatolian Civilizations (Turkish: Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi) is Turkey on the south side of Ankara Castle in County Atpazarı in Ankara. It consists of the old Ottoman Mahmut Pasa bazaar storage building and the Kurşunlu Han. Because of Ataturk's desire to establish a Hittite museum, the buildings were on the suggestion of Hamit Zübeyir Kosar, then bought Culture, National Education Minister, Saffet Arıkan. Following the renovation and repairs completed (1938 -1968), the building for the public as the Ankara Archaeological Museum was opened. It is one of the richest museums in the world] [Edit.
    Today Han Kurşunlu, used as an administrative building, houses the work rooms, library, conference room, laboratory and workshop. The old bazaar building houses the exhibits. Within this Ottoman building, the museum has a number of exhibits of Anatolian archeology. You start with the Paleolithic period, and further chronologically through the Neolithic Age, Early Bronze, Assyrian Trading Colonies, Hittite, Phrygian, Urartu, Greek, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman periods. There is also an extensive collection of artifacts from the excavations in Karain, Çatalhöyük, Hacılar, noteworthy Beyce Sultan, Alacahöyük, Kültepe, Acemhöyük, Boğazköy (Gordion), Pazarlı, Altıntepe, Adilcevaz and Patnos and examples of several periods.
    The exhibits of gold, silver, glass, marble and bronze works are in so far as in the second half of the first millennium BC. The coin collections, with examples from the first shaped relationship to modern times, make the museum a rare cultural treasures.
    Museum of Anatolian Civilizations is reached today, with its historic buildings and their history was deeply rooted, as the first "European Museum of the Year" in Switzerland on 19th April 1997 selected.




             The history of the museum
The first museum in Ankara was Miibarek Galip Bey, Directorate for Culture, established in 1921, called in the section of the Ankara Castle Akkale. In addition to this museum artefacts from the Augustus Temple and the Byzantine Baths were collected. Upon recommendation of Atatürk and from the perspective of establishing an "Eti Museum" in the middle were the Hittite artifacts from the region around Ankara sent and therefore a larger museum was needed.
The Director of Culture at that time be recommended Hamit Zübeyir Kosar and Saffet Arıkan, Minister of Education that the Mahmut Paşa Bazaar and the Inn be repaired and converted into a museum. This recommendation was accepted and restoration continued from 1938 to 1968. After completion of the repair of the bazaar, where the domed structure is arranged in 1940 under the chairmanship of a committee of German archaeologists HG Giiterbock the museum [2].
In 1943, during the repair of the building were still under way, the middle section was opened to visitors. Repair projects were part of this was designed by architect Macit Kural and repair work carried out by the architect in bidding Zühtü Bey performed. In 1948 the museum administration left Akkale as a storage house and the museum was in four rooms of the Han Kurşunlu the repairs which were completed. Restoration and exhibition were part of projects around the dome produced and applied by architect İhsan Kıygı. Five shops were left in their original form, and the walls between the shops were destroyed, and so a great location for exhibitions was provided. The museum building reached its present structure in 1968. Kurşunlu Han, which was used as an administrative building has research rooms, a library, a conference room, a laboratory and workshops, and the Mahmut Paşa Bazaar vaulted cellar was used as an exhibition hall.



File:MoAC Building.jpg         The history of the building
The Anatolian Civilizations Museum is in two buildings near the Ankara Ottoman castle in the historic district of Ankara, Atpazarı. One of the buildings is Mahmut Paşa Bedesteni and the other is Kurşunlu Han (inn, caravanserai).
The Mahmut Pasha was Bedesteni of Mahmut Pasha, one of the ministers (viziers) built by Mehmed II the Conqueror during 1464-1471. The building has no inscriptions. In some sources report that pure Angora garments were distributed here. The design of the building is the classic type. There are 10 domes for a developed rectangle, close to the site, and there are 102 stores across from each other.
According to historical records and registry books of the Han as the basis Kurşunlu (Vakif was built) provide for the financing of Pasha Mehmet (Mehmet the Conqueror vizier) alms in Üsküdar, Istanbul. It does also have no inscriptions. During the repair of 1946, coins of the Murat II period were discovered. The results show that trade existed in the fifteenth century. The Han has the typical design of the Ottoman period Hans. There is a courtyard and an arcade in the middle, and they are surrounded by two-storey rooms. There are 28 ground floor rooms, 30 rooms on the first floor. The rooms have stoves. There is a barn with an "L" type on the ground floor on the west and south of the rooms. On the north side of the Han, there are 11 shops and 9 shops on the east side and 4 shops facing each other in the garden. The inn (han) was built by Mehmet Pasha in 1467 and was Prime Minister Mehmet Pasha (Grand Vizier promoted). was built by Mahmut Pasha Orders the vaulted bazaar. He held his position until 1470th He had his mosque, soup kitchen and madrasa in Üsküdar and his body is buried there.
These two buildings form the museum today were abandoned after the fire in 1881.




File:Horoztepe Mother Bronze.JPG* Old Stone Age (.... 8000): The age is by the finds unearthed in the cave Antalya Karain represented. The people of the Old Stone Age were hunters and gatherers with stone tools and bones. The stone tools are displayed in three categories, Lower Paleolithic, Middle Paleolithic and Upper Paleolithic and Late Upper.

    
* Neolithic (8000-5500): During this period appeared first villages and agriculture began. The artifacts from Çatalhöyük and Hacılar, the most important places of the Neolithic period, are exhibited in the museum. The collection includes the mother goddess sculptures, wall paintings, clay figurines, stamps, earthenware containers and bone agricultural tools. The most impressive part of this exhibition are hunting scene on gypsum from 7 Millennium BC., A reproduction of a Catalhoyuk room with bull heads mounted on walls, the mother goddess Cybele (later Cybele), Obsidian, wall paintings of erupting Hasan and the city - can be the world's first city map and the wall paintings of Leopard.

    
* Chalcolithic (copper-stone) (5500-3000 BC): In addition to stone tools, copper was processed and used in everyday life during this time. The artifacts in Hacılar again, noteworthy Tilkitepe, Alacahöyük Alişar and are exhibited in the museum. The collection contains a large collection of tools made of stone and metal, the goddess figurines, seals and decorative jewelry.
Bronze figure of a naked woman breast feeding a baby in a grave Horoztepe.

    
* Early Bronze Age (3000-1950 BC): People of Anatolia smelted copper and tin, and bronze at the beginning of the process invented 3000 BC In addition, the known metals with casting and hammering techniques. buried addition to valuable metal artifacts as grave offerings in royal tombs in Alacahöyük, are artifacts from Hasanoglan, Mahmatlar, Eskiyapar, Horoztepe, Karaoglan, Merzifon, Etiyokuşu, Ahlatlıbel, Karayavşan, Bolu, Beycesultan Semahöyük, Karaz-Tilkitepe in the Old Bronze represented age part of the museum. The Bronze Age Hatti tribes dominate the display. The collection includes solar discs, deer-shaped statuettes, thinner version of female figures and gold jewelry. There is also a reconstruction of a solemn funeral, which emphasizes the religious practices of ancient people.

    
* Assyrian Trade Colonies (1950-1750 BC): appeared in writing during this period in Anatolia for the first time. Since Akkadian times Mesopotamians were aware Anatolian resources and wealth. As a result, they became involved in wide commercial relations, led by Assyrians and they brought with them their languages and seals and stamps which was later developed into a writing system. Over 20,000 clay tablets, inscribed in Assyrian cuneiform, illuminate this period. Most of the documents are written with the trade, business concerns, and law. Tin, textiles and clothes were from the Assyrian donkey caravans for the people brought on site and exchanged these goods for silver and gold. Kültepe was the center of the trade network. As a result we are witnessing an explosion in the variety of finds. Cuneiform tablets, drinking vessels in the form of sacred animals such as bull, lion, eagle, wild boar, hare, which were used in religious ceremonies, ritual objects, and stamp seals and their impressions, all kinds of weapons and metal cups artistic value of clay, stone, gold , silver, lead, copper, bronze, were discovered precious stones and tiles from the Assyrian trading colonies Kültepe, Acemhöyük, Alişar and Boğazköy. Another interesting class of finds to 200 years to the rhytons Kültepe, a special group of ceramic art, which is the basis of the Hittite culture.
Bronze Plate from Çorum Boğazköy dating from 1235 BC

    
* Hittite period (1750-1200 BC): The ancient Hittite's first political union was close to the crescent of the Kızılırmak River in Anatolia around 2000 BC founded The main locations Boğazköy (Hattusa are), iNAND, Eskiyapar, Alacahöyük, Alişar Ferzant. The highlight of the Great Hittite Empire section is the relief of the god of war by the King's Gate in Boğazköy (Hattusa) taken. Embossed bull figure containers, various fruits and bowls vases with animal forms, notorious iNAND vase, wedding ceremony, tablets of government archives shows, like the seals of the Kings, are bronze statues of fertility gods, bulls, deer and other interesting displays. The exhibition also includes images from Boğazköy, reconstruction of a religious ceremony, the reconstruction of the King's Gate in Boğazköy and images of the excavations in Boğazköy. One of the most important artifacts is the tablet in Akkadian script (1275-1220 BC) - a correspondent from the Egyptian Queen Nefertari (wife of Ramses II) to Hittite Queen Puduhepa (wife of Hattusili III) written after Kadesh Peace Treaty - the first peace treaty in world history, dated 1275-1220 BC found in Boğazköy.

    
* Phrygian period (1200-700 BC): The Phrygians, so-called Sea Peoples came from the Balkans to Anatolia in 1200 BC They bought control of Central Anatolia and made their capital, Gordion. The finds from the royal burial mound at Gordion are the majority of the section. The mound measured 300 meters (984 ft.) in diameter and 50 m (164 ft.) in height. The reproduction of the tomb of King Midas, is found in ancient burial mounds, is also displayed here. Carved and inlaid wood furniture (Figure 25), hinged dress pins, ritual vessels, images of animals such as lions, rams and eagles, the reconstruction of a burial ceremony and the statue of the mother goddess Cybele, which the Phrygians are as revered their most important deity in this section shown.

    
* Late Hittite period (1200-700 BC): After the fall of the Hittite Empire as a result of the invasion of the Phrygians, some of the Hittites moved to the south and southeast Anatolia and established states. The main sites of this period are Malatya-Arslantepe, Karkamis (Carchemish) and Sakçagözü. The 10-domed Old Bazaar is the center of the museum, home to the reliefs and statues from Neo-Hittite period. The theme of war is emphasized in the relief of soldiers and chariots. represented also portrays rock carved reliefs of the Hittite rulers and the gods of the Hittite Pantheon, statues of the powerful animals such as lion and bull are.

    
* Urartian period (1200-600 BC): The Urartuans lived in eastern Anatolia during the same period as the Phrygians. The main locations are Urartian Altıntepe, Adilcevaz, Kayalıdere, Patnos, Van, Cavustepe. Urartians made new progress in the architecture and the mining industry.

    
* Lydian Period (1200-546 BC): The origin of the Lydian art comes from the Bronze Age, in which it relations, friendly or hostile, between their ancestors and the Hittites. Lydian spectacular progress made in the Iron Age, especially of Gyges period Croesus (685 BC to 547 BC). The artefacts come from the sixth most Century BC.

    
* Classical period and Ankara over the centuries: The collection includes Greek, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine period artifacts such as statues, jewelry and decorative vessels of gold, silver, glass, marble and bronze, as well as coins, with examples from the first shaped relationship to modern times . In addition, there is a section view of the discoveries recently unearthed from the vicinity of Ankara.

    
* Coins are exceptional heritage.

    
* Antique jewelry.

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